Canada Urges Peaceful Resolution in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

Azerbaijan Launches Operation Against Nagorno-Karabakh and Demands Surrender

The Background

After months of escalating tensions, Azerbaijan has launched “anti-terror” operations in the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The country has demanded the surrender of ethnic-Armenian separatists and vowed to continue its military operations until it achieves its objective. Nagorno-Karabakh, an ethnically Armenian region, is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but has been under the control of ethnic Armenians since the early 1990s. The conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh has a long and complicated history, with a previous war occurring three years ago. In 2020, Azerbaijan managed to recapture some areas around Nagorno-Karabakh before a Russian-brokered truce was established and Russian peacekeepers were deployed to monitor the situation.

The Current Situation

In the latest developments, Azerbaijan has issued an ultimatum to Armenian military formations, ordering them to hand over arms and dissolve their “illegal regime.” Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has accused Azerbaijan of starting a ground operation aimed at “ethnic cleansing,” while hundreds of Armenian protesters in Yerevan have clashed with the police, demanding Pashinyan’s resignation. Azerbaijan has proposed to hold talks in the town of Yevlakh, away from the Karabakh regional capital of Khankendi (known as Stepanakert by the ethnic Armenians).

The Russian peacekeepers have been monitoring the truce since the end of 2020, but their attention has been diverted by the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. In response to the escalation of the conflict, Russia has evacuated nearly 500 civilians from at-risk areas, while the separatist authorities claim to have assisted in the evacuation of around 7,000 people. The situation on the ground remains volatile, with reports of casualties and damage to residential buildings.

The Causes of the Conflict

The current outbreak of violence in Nagorno-Karabakh can be attributed to various factors. One key catalyst is Azerbaijan’s effective blockade of the Lachin Corridor, the only route into Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia. This blockade, in place for the past nine months, has severely impacted the region and heightened tensions.

The immediate trigger for Azerbaijan’s military operations was the deaths of six people, including four police officers, in two landmine explosions. Azerbaijan claims that these incidents prompted their response, while Armenia denies any involvement. Nevertheless, both sides have accused each other of violating the ceasefire agreement and engaging in military offensives.

The Role of External Actors

Russia, as one of the key players in the region, has been involved in brokering peace agreements between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the past. However, the recent focus on Ukraine has diverted attention and resources away from Nagorno-Karabakh. The European Union has called for an immediate ceasefire, emphasizing the urgency of de-escalation.

It is worth noting that Azerbaijan has received strong support from its ally, Turkey. Hikmet Hajiyev, special adviser to Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev, has called for the ethnic-Armenian administration in Nagorno-Karabakh to dissolve itself. Azerbaijan has also denied allegations of a troop build-up in the region and has allowed limited humanitarian aid to enter Karabakh from Armenia.

Analysis and Editorials

Addressing the Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh

The renewed outbreak of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh is deeply concerning and underscores the urgent need for a peaceful resolution to the long-standing conflict. The conflicting claims over the region’s status, combined with historical grievances and external interests, have perpetuated the cycle of violence. It is crucial for all parties involved to prioritize dialogue, diplomacy, and negotiations rather than resorting to military force.

One potential path to a peaceful resolution is through internationally mediated talks that involve all stakeholders, including Azerbaijan, Armenia, and the ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh. The objective of these negotiations should be to find a sustainable and mutually acceptable solution that respects the rights and security of all parties involved.

The Importance of International Involvement

The international community, including regional powers such as Russia and Turkey, must actively engage in the efforts to de-escalate the conflict and work towards a lasting peace. The role of mediators and peacekeepers, such as the Russian contingent currently present in the region, is pivotal in ensuring a cessation of hostilities.

Furthermore, international organizations like the United Nations and the European Union should play a more active role in facilitating dialogue and providing support for humanitarian efforts. The immediate priority should be to stop the violence, protect civilian lives, and ensure the safe passage of aid to those affected by the conflict.

Conclusion

The situation in Nagorno-Karabakh is a grave concern that requires immediate attention and concerted international efforts. The cycle of violence and the tragic loss of lives can only be brought to an end through dialogue, diplomacy, and a commitment to find a peaceful resolution. It is crucial for all parties involved to show restraint, adhere to international norms, and work towards a sustainable solution that upholds the rights and security of all those affected by the conflict.

Canada, as a champion of peace and a member of the international community, can play a constructive role in supporting efforts towards a peaceful resolution. Ottawa should leverage its diplomatic channels to advocate for dialogue and urge all parties to engage in meaningful negotiations. Additionally, Canada can provide humanitarian aid and support to those affected by the conflict, reaffirming its commitment to globally recognized humanitarian principles.